Real-time Energy Management System of Battery-Supercapacitor in Electric vehicles

This thesis presents the design, simulation and experimental validation of an Energy Management System (EMS) for a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) composed of lithium ion batteries and Supercapacitors (SCs) in electric vehicles. The aim of the EMS is to split the power demand considering the weaknesses and strengths or the power sources. The HESS requires an EMS to determine power missions for the battery and SC in real time, where the SC is commanded to assist the battery during high power demand and recover the energy generated during braking. Frequency sharing techniques have been proposed by researchers to achieve this objective, including the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and conventional filtration methods (low and high pass filters). However, filtration approaches can introduce delay (milliseconds to tens of seconds) in the frequency components which undermines the hybridisation advantages. Hence, the selection of the filtration technique and filter design are crucial to the system's performance. Researchers have proposed power demand prediction methodologies to deal with time delay, however, the advantages and drawbacks of using such methods have not been investigated thoroughly, particularly whether time delay compensation and its inherent prediction error improves the system performance, efficiency, and timely SC contribution during the motoring and braking stages. This work presents a fresh perspective to this research field by introducing a novel approach that deals with delay without complicated prediction algorithms and improves the SC contribution during the motoring and braking stages while reducing energy losses in the system. The proposed EMS allows the SC to provide timely assistance during motoring and to recover the braking energy generated. A charging strategy controls energy circulation between the battery and SC to keep the SC charge availability during the whole battery discharge cycle. The performance and efficiency of the HESS is improved when compared to the traditional use of conventional filtration techniques and the DWT. Results show that the proposed EMS method improves the energy efficiency of the HESS. For the US06 driving cycle, the energy efficiency is 91.6%. This is superior to the efficiency obtained with an EMS based on a high pass filter (41.3%), an EMS based on DWT high frequency component (30.3%) and an EMS based on the predicted DWT high frequency component (41%)

Acupuntura en dermatitis atópica y mecanismos neuroinmumonológicos. Actualización

La dermatitis atópica es una patología de alta prevalencia tanto en nuestro medio como en el resto del mundo. Su etiopatogenia es compleja y multifactorial e involucra factores genéticos, ambientales e inmunológicos. Se han planteado múltiples opciones terapéuticas para su manejo y en años recientes se ha observado un incremento en el uso de la acupuntura como una opción que buscan los pacientes con patologías dermatológicas, en particular la dermatitis atópica. Estudios a nivel neuroinmunológico se han llevado a cabo para explicar los posibles mecanismos subyacentes involucrados en el efecto de este tratamiento. En este artículo se presenta una revisión sobre los aspectos más relevantes de esta entidad

Geopolímeros de tipo binario basados en una puzolana natural y escoria siderúrgica de alto horno

This study describes the synthesis at ambient temperature (25±3 °C) of binary geopolymer systems based on natural volcanic pozzolan and granulated blast furnace slag. Na2SiO3 and NaOH were used as alkaline activators. The effects of the SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/Al2O3 ratio and the amount of slag added (from 0 to 30%) on the reaction kinetics, compressive strength and microstructure of the final product were studied. To characterise the geopolymer pastes, techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. The results indicate the possibility of obtaining a geopolymer cement with a compressive strength of up to 48.11 MPa after 28 days of curing at ambient temperature whose characteristics are comparable to those of commercial portland cement.Este trabajo describe la síntesis a temperatura ambiente (25±3 °C) de sistemas geopoliméricos de tipo binario basados en una puzolana natural de origen volcánico y escoria siderúrgica de alto horno usando activadores alcalinos basados en la combinación de Na2SiO3 y NaOH. Se estudió el efecto de la relación SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/Al2O3 y la cantidad de escoria adicionada en niveles entre el 0 y 30% sobre la cinética de reacción, la resistencia a la compresión y la microestructura del producto final. Para la caracterización de las pastas geopoliméricas se utilizaron técnicas como difracción de rayos X (DRX), espectroscopia infrarroja (FTIR) y microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB). Los resultados conseguidos revelan la posibilidad de obtener un cementante geopolimérico con una resistencia a la compresión de hasta 48,11 MPa a los 28 días de curado a temperatura ambiente cuyas características son comparables a las de un cemento portland comercial

\u3ci\u3eEscritos para desocupados\u3c/i\u3e (2013) de Vivian Abenshushan: de contraensayos, libros aumentados y vanguardias de liberación

The present study focuses on Escritos para desocupados (Writings for the Unoccupied), a 2013 work by Mexican author Vivian Abenshushan, as a multifaceted book that poses challenges for literary studies, book studies, and the reader in general. From a textual perspective, Escritos para desocupados is a shape-shifter. That is, depending on how the reader accesses its content, it can be a blog-book, a web-book, a printed book or a digital PDF-book. Using a term coined by the author, the augmented book, I seek to encompass a phenomenon that is no longer unusual, the publication of a text in different media. Using Roger Chartier\u27s Forms and Meanings: Texts, Performances and Audiences from Codex to Computer (1995), and N. Katherine Hayles\u27s Electronic Literature: New Horizons for the Literary (2008), the present study reworks and builds upon Abenshushan\u27s term augmented book to reflect the transformation suffered by the text, and expands upon this new perspective to offer three basic modes of augmentation: through content, through formats, and through reading. Drawing on these forms of augmentation, and adding a more literary perspective, after reviewing the characteristics of two Avant-garde and post-Avant-garde literary movements in Mexico, as well as their primary characteristics, the findings suggest that Escritos para desocupados could be considered the manifesto to a new post-Avant-garde literary movement in Mexico, under the proposed name of movimiento desocupado (Unoccupied Movement). Note to the reader: This thesis is currently available only in Spanish

Assessment of Supercapacitor performance in a hybrid energy storage system with an EMS based on the discrete wavelet transform

This is the author accepted manuscript.When battery and supercapacitor (SC) Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) coexist in electric vehicles, energy management is imperative to ensure efficient power distribution based on the strengths and weaknesses of each ESS. The decoupling of highly dynamic power demands into components that match the dynamic nature of each ESS is essential. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) has been widely recommended for this purpose as part of real time energy management systems. However, due to DWT signal processing, delays in the frequency components can undermine the benefits of hybridization. This paper analyses the contribution of the SC to alleviate the battery when the DWT is used with and without time delay compensation using future demand prediction. Four different implementation strategies for a DWT based EMS have been evaluated using different metrics to quantify energy circulation and SC assistance during acceleration and braking. Simulation results using urban and highway driving cycles, show that obtaining the SC current reference as the difference between the real time current demand and the DWT low frequency component enhances SC assistance during acceleration and braking at the expense of higher energy circulation. The complexity added by future demand prediction does not reap SC performance benefits

A Bibliometric review of sociocybernetics

Sociocyberetics is an emerging field of research, innovation and development whose proposed goal is the construction of knowledge on social systems from the systems science and cybemetics perspectives. Sociocyberetics assumes that social systems belong to the superclass of complex systems and promotes the computational modeling and simulation approach to support decision-making processes when dealing with social systems problems. In the present work, the results and analysis of a bibliometric review on sociocyberetics is reported. The main conclusion of the present work is the fact that at the present, sociocyberetics is at its initial stage of development but widely extended both geographcally and across scientific disciplines whch justifies efforts directed towards a sustained work in its development and its consolidation

Object oriented modeling frameworks for the social systems

In the present study, an object oriented approach and modeling framework is proposed for the construction of synthetic, computational models of social systems. The conventional approach to model and study social systems will be reviewed and outlined, indicating its limitations to deal with their associated complex turbulent phenomena. The proposed object oriented integrative modeling will be explained emphasizing its advantages compared to reductionist methods when dealing with complex systems. Finally, the main architecture of the UTOPIA computational modeling framework, an ongoing, development is shown and described

Multiphysics modeling for bone remodeling simulation: A methodological framework

In the present study an object oriented integrative modeling methodology is proposed for the construction of synthetic, computational models of bone-bone environment system that allow its simulation under in vivo conditions. The analytical mathematical approach to model and study ordinary materials will be outlined, indicating its limitations when dealing with biomaterials in physiological environments. The proposed object oriented integrative modeling will be explained emphasizing its advantages and possibilities. Finally, the architecture of the "in vivo" modeling and simulation software framework is shown, described and explained indicating further work based on this framework

Una nueva especie de hyla del grupo bogotensis (amphibia: anura: hylidae) de la cordillera oriental de colombia

Se nomina y describe una nueva especie de Hyla de la vertiente occidental, norte, de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Hyla lynchi, es distinguible de todas las especies del Grupo H. bogotensis por su colorido dorsal café obscuro con tinte lavanda y la presencia de una carina medial en el extremo rostral. Se incluyen comentarios sobre la sistemática de grupos de Hyla restringidos al N de los Andes.A new species of Hyla is nomined from occidental slopes, northern Cordillera Oriental, Colombia; Hyla Iynchi differs from other hylid frogs of the H. bogotensis Group in having a rostral keel and a uniform black brown with a lavander dorsal color. Additional notes about systematics of hylid groups restricted to northern Andes, are given

Evaluation of the growth and quality of lettuce (iLactuca sativa/i L.) in a closed recirculating hydroponic system

The production of lettuce in hydroponic systems with a recirculating nutrient solution has been growing, so it is necessary to evaluate the growth and quality of production under this system. Two harvest cycles were evaluated, comparing the behavior of physiological variables and growth rates on lettuce plants in a hydroponic system with a plastic cover. Lettuce plants were planted at 30 days after germination in an NFT hydroponic system. Nutrient solutions were prepared with sources of potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea phosphate, magnesium sulfate and a source of minor nutrifeed. The second cycle had the highest total dry mass and leaf area index (LAI) at 43 days after transplant (dat). The relative growth rate (RGR) declined over time. The absolute growth rate (AGR) resented a sigmoid behavior as a gaussian bell shape; the leaf area index (LAI) increased until 43 dat, with the second cycle presenting the highest value; the net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased over time, with the second cycle having the highest value at 22 dat. The chlorophyll content for this variety was low, with a yellow pigmentation in the plant. The stomatal conductance (SC) in the two cycles at transplant time presented low values caused by the stress leaded by an imbalance in the pH of the solution, when the plants adapted to the system, this value increased